Thursday, 24 January 2013

Grimes Graves

Grime's Graves is a large Neolithic flint mining complex near Brandon in England close to the border between Norfolk and Suffolk. It was worked between circa 3000 BC and circa 1900 BC, although production may have continued well into the Bronze and Iron Ages (and later) owing to the low cost of flint compared with metals. Flint was much in demand for making stone axes in the Neolithic period. Flint nodules were always in demand for other uses, such as for building and as strikers for muskets.
The scheduled monument extends over an area of some 37 ha (96 acres) and consists of at least 433 shafts dug into the natural chalk to reach seams of flint. The largest shafts are more than 14 m (40 feet) deep and 12 m in diameter at the surface. It has been calculated that more than 2,000 tonnes of chalk had to be removed from the larger shafts, taking 20 men around five months, before stone of sufficient quality was reached. An upper 'topstone' and middle 'wallstone' seam of flint was dug through on the way to the deeper third 'floorstone' seam which most interested the miners.

Spinster 's Rock

Spinster 's Rock stands 3km west of the village Drewsteignton (which translates as "place of the Druid's Stones"), the dolmen is probably the remains of a neolithic burial chamber. Originally, the intact chamber would have been covered by a large mound, but this has been removed over the ages, so that no trace remains today. The surviving stones are all large, the capstone alone is estimated to weigh 16 tons and its top stands about 2.5m above the ground.

Tuesday, 22 January 2013

Thornborough Henges

The Thornborough Henges is an unusual ancient monument complex that includes the three aligned henges that give the site its name. The complex is located near the village of Thornborough, close to the town of Masham in North Yorkshire, England. The complex includes many large ancient structures including a cursus, henges, burial grounds and settlements. They are thought to have been part of a Neolithic and Bronze Age 'ritual landscape' comparable with Salisbury Plain and date from between 3500 and 2500 BC. This monument complex has been called 'The Stonehenge of the North' and has been described by English Heritage as the most important ancient site between Stonehenge and the Orkney Islands.

Marden Henge

Marden Henge is the largest stone age henge enclosure in the United Kingdom, located in the village of Marden, Wiltshire, situated within the Vale of Pewsey between the World Heritage sites of Avebury and Stonehenge.
Encompassing an area of 15 hectares (37 acres) and under the care of English Heritage, antiquarian accounts of the site describe a huge mound within the enclosure called Hatfield Barrow, which collapsed after excavation by William Cunnington in the early 19th century. Today, Marden Henge has been damaged by ploughing, and no longer has any standing stones.
The site was excavated by Geoff Wainwight in 1969. He excavated the North entrance, and found a timber circle, and Grooved Ware pottery, similar to Durrington Walls. The finds are at Wiltshire Heritage Museum in Devizes, where there is also a small display.
In 2010, the henge and surrounding area were investigated through aerial, geophysical, and field survey. During the dig, a Neolithic building was discovered, described as the best preseved Neolithic building in England.


Bull Ring Henge

The Bull Ring is a Class II henge that was built in the late Neolithic period nearDove Holes in Derbyshire, England. It has coordinates53.300695°N 1.884423°W (grid reference SK 0785 7823), and is National Monument number 23282. There are also two barrows about 20m away from the henge; one oval, one bowl.
The henge consists of a large, circular earthwork, which is currently about 1 metre (3 ft) high and 9–11 metres (30–36 ft) wide; however it was originally 2 metres (7 ft) high and 5.5–7 metres (18–23 ft) wide. The henge has a ditch on the inside, which varies between 0.5 and 1 metre (1 ft 8 in and 3 ft 3 in) deep and 8 and 12 metres (26 and 39 ft) wide; it was originally 1.2–2 metres (3 ft 10 in–6 ft 7 in) deep and 5–6.5 metres (16–21.3 ft) wide. The ditch and bank are separated by a berm, which was originally 5 metres (16 ft) wide. It encloses an area 53 (N–S) by 46 (E–W) metres, with entrances to the north and south, each of which have a causeway across the ditch. A skeleton was reputedly found near the north entrance; this entrance was also damaged in the 19th century by quarrying. The centre of the henge was ploughed in the 18th century; a drystone wall was also built across the site during the same era.

Saturday, 19 January 2013

Durrington Walls

Durrington Walls is the site of a large Neolithic settlement and later henge enclosure located in the Stonehenge World Heritage Site. It is 2 miles north-east of Stonehenge in the parish of Durrington, just north of Amesbury. Excavations on the site by a team led by the University of Sheffield, support an estimate of a community of several thousand, thought to be the largest one of its age in north-west Europe. At 500m in diameter, the henge is the largest in Britain and recent evidence suggests that it was a complementary monument to Stonehenge.

Friday, 16 November 2012

Arbor Low


Arbor Low is a Neolithic henge monument in the Peak District, Derbyshire, England. Arbor Low is located in the White Peak zone of the Peak District in Derbyshire (SK 1603 6355). The White Peak is a Carboniferous Limestone plateau lying between approximately 200-400m OD.
Arbor Low consists of about 50 large limestone blocks, quarried from a local site, which form an egg-shaped circle, with monoliths at the entrances, and possibly a portal stone at the south entrance. There is also a large pit at the north entrance, which possibly contained a stone. Some of the stones are broken; some of these fragments may originally have been joined together, such that there were originally between 41 and 43 stones. The stones range from 1.6 to 2.1 m tall, with the monoliths being between 2.6 and 2.9 m.
In the centre lie seven smaller blocks, which form a cove.
One stone is partially upright; the rest are all lying down. Although it is frequently stated that the stones have never stood upright, it is possible that they had originally been set upright in shallow stone holes.
The stones are surrounded by an oval earthen bank, approximately 90 by 85 m at the outside edges and 2 m high, with an interior ditch being about 2 m deep and between 7 and 10 m wide. There are two causeway entrances breaching both the bank and ditch; the north-west one is 9m wide, and the south-south-east one is 6m wide. Within the bank lies an inner platform 52 by 40 m in size.
Few henge monuments in the British Isles are as well-preserved. Arbor Low was one of the first ancient monuments to be given statutary protection, in the 1880s. Small monoliths engraved VR and GR (for Victoria Regina and Georgius Rex) still stand around the henge, demarcating the protected